Submersible pumps are also called submersible electric pumps. Submersible pump is a kind of water treatment tool with a wide range of uses, whether it is in agricultural production or industrial processing, you can see the shadow of submersible pumps. According to its application and purpose, it can be roughly divided into submersible sewage pump, sand discharge submersible pump, and clean water submersible pump. The submersible pump is generally composed of a pump body, a pumping pipe, a pump seat, a submersible motor and a starting protection device. Generally speaking, it is a kind of liquid conveying machinery that combines a pump and a motor. It has a simple structure and is easy to use. Submersible pumps have been developed for more than 60 years. In 1904, Byron Jackson in the United States successfully designed and manufactured horizontally connected submersible pumps and submersible motors. This is the modern submersible pump. “Ancestors.” With the development of material science, sealing technology, control and protection technology, and the improvement of cold and hot processing technology, submersible pumps have developed rapidly. In 1928, the company invented a directly connected vertical submersible electric pump, which was the original form of modern deep well submersible pumps.
Submersible pump
According to the relative position of the pump and the motor, the submersible pump can be divided into the upper pump type and the lower pump type. The upper pump submersible pump has the pump on the top and the motor on the bottom. This structure greatly reduces the radial size of the pump, so it is mostly used for well-used submersible pumps and small-scale submersible pumps. The motor of the lower pump submersible pump is on the top and the pump is on the bottom. It is divided into two types: the built-in type and the external type. The liquid delivered by the built-in submersible pump first passes through the annular flow channel surrounding the motor to cool the motor and then flows out of the pump pressure outlet. Even when this kind of pump is close to draining the sump, there is no need to worry about the motor heating up, so the scope of application is expanding day by day. The externally mounted submersible electric pump directly discharges the liquid from the pressurized water chamber behind the impeller or the outlet of the guide vane body, and the motor is also cooled by the pumped liquid. Since the lower pump structure can work in shallow liquids, it is often used for working surface submersible pumps, especially it is the main structure type of large-caliber submersible pumps. The mechanical seal of the down-pump submersible electric pump is located in the high pressure area of the outlet water flow. The higher the head, the higher the water pressure here, so the performance of the mechanical seal is controlled by the head.
Submersible pumps have different applications according to the structural characteristics of their impellers.
Open or semi-open impeller: made of anti-wear material, with adjustable guide vanes and filter screen. It is widely used in construction sites, caves, harbors, factories, ships and other water supply and drainage or water jets, etc. It can pump liquid media containing abrasives such as clay, sand, gravel, drill cuttings, etc. The mobile structure can be started when placed in the water, which can meet the special requirements of large flow, high lift, limited space or explosive environment.
The non-clogging closed-flow channel impeller has good reliability and high efficiency. It is mainly used for pumping sewage and mud in urban pumping stations and sewage treatment plants, and pumping cooling water, wastewater, corrosive media, etc. in industrial processes. And continuous drainage of large factories, etc. It is very suitable for pumping materials containing long fibers and large solid particles. It is installed in a small and simple pumping station, which can be hidden underground. The pump can be quickly and simply installed on a guide rail or rope and down to the pump pit.
The open impeller is equipped with an S-shaped cutter, which has the functions of pumping, cutting and mixing. Good reliability and high efficiency. It is mainly used for pumping liquid manure in agriculture. It can break dry solids, straw and other long fiber materials. The spiral impeller inlet can send the sucked thick manure into the pump. There are four specifications. It has a compact structure and can be installed on the guide rail in the manure tank or in the storage tank. It can be used in conjunction with the submersible mixer.
Multi-blade closed impeller, cast iron or stainless steel, single side or double side (double suction) water inlet. Particularly suitable for agricultural sprinkler irrigation and various industrial applications, such as water for clean water, process water, spray and cooling water, etc. It can meet the needs of high-lift and large-flow, with a flow of 2000m3/h and a head of 110m. It is suitable for pumping clean water or lightly polluted water. It has a variety of specifications and structural types. Strong function, high reliability, easy to install and maintain.
The adjustable blade axial flow impeller has the characteristics of high efficiency and energy saving. Mainly used in agriculture, urban water supply and drainage, and industrial pumping of cooling water, etc., and can be used to control inland waterway systems. It can meet the special needs of low lift and large flow, and is suitable for pumping clean water or lightly polluted water.
The structure is compact and simple, no special installation is required, just drop onto the shoulder of the housing base.
Open impeller, with a shredding device at the entrance, composed of chromium alloy and stainless steel. It is especially suitable for pressurized sewage systems and can be transported away through a pipe with a diameter of only 40mm.
The closed-flow channel impeller is matched with the guide vane and has good reliability. It is widely used for water supply and drainage in cities, agriculture, ships, industries, etc. It can meet the needs of low lift and large flow, and the flow can reach 2000m3 to pump clean water or lightly polluted water. There are six specifications.
Installation and maintenance are simple, and no pipeline connection design is adopted.
Open or closed flow channel impeller, made of anti-wear materials. It is mainly used in mines, construction sites, caves, tunnels, dams and other places to pump liquids containing abrasive particles such as drill cuttings, sand, gravel, etc. The suction end adopts an adjustable rubber coating to facilitate operation at a high-efficiency point.
Open or closed impeller with multiple blades. It is mainly used for ground drainage in basements or other areas. It can also be used for irrigation. It can meet the needs of small flow and moderate lift. It is suitable for pumping clean water or lightly polluted water. There are three specifications.
The structure is compact and the installation is simple, just put the pump at the bottom of the pump pit.
The model of the submersible pump is very simple, usually only three sets of numbers. Such as: 25-8-22, which means: the diameter is 25 mm, the flow rate is 8 cubic meters per hour, the head is 22 meters, the power is 1.1 kilowatts, the speed is 2900 rpm, and the voltage is 380 volts. The voltage of general submersible pumps is 380 volts, except for special pumps. In addition, there are models 32-10-15, 40-15-30, 50-20-7, up to 300-800-20.
When selecting submersible pumps, pay special attention to the type, flow and head of the pump. If the selection is improper, it will not be able to meet the working requirements and the efficiency of the unit will not be exerted. It is also necessary to clarify the direction of rotation of the submersible pump. Although there are many models of submersible pumps that can produce water in both forward and reverse rotations, the water output will be small when reversing, the current will increase, and sometimes even the motor windings will be damaged. When installing the submersible pump, the cable should be overhead and the power cord should not be too long. When the unit is launched into the water, do not apply force to the cable to avoid breaking the power cord. Do not sink the submersible pump into the mud, otherwise it will cause poor heat dissipation and burn out the motor windings. When starting up, you should try to avoid starting under the condition of too low voltage. If the voltage is too low, the speed will drop. If it does not reach 70% of the rated speed, the start centrifugal switch will be closed, causing the start winding to be energized for a long time and cause heat or even burn. Bad windings and capacitors. Do not switch the motor frequently. This is because when the electric pump stops rotating, there will be backflow. If it is turned on immediately, the motor load will start, resulting in excessive starting current and burning of the windings. If the voltage is too high, the machine cannot be turned on, otherwise it will cause the motor to overheat and burn out the motor windings. Do not allow the pump to be overloaded for a long time, do not pump water with a large amount of sand, and the dehydration operation time of the electric pump should not be too long, so as to prevent the motor from overheating and burning. During the operation of the unit, the operator must always observe whether the working voltage and current are within the values specified on the nameplate. If not, the motor should be stopped to find out the cause and eliminate the fault. Usually, check the motor more. If there is a crack in the lower cover, or the rubber sealing ring is damaged or invalid, it should be replaced or repaired in time to prevent the water from penetrating into the machine. During operation, the changes in the water level in the well should be frequently observed. The motor must not be exposed to the surface of the water or sink into the silt, so as not to affect the heat dissipation of the motor and burn out the windings. As the water level in the well changes, the electric pump should be raised and lowered at any time. If the water volume decreases or is interrupted, the cause should be immediately identified or shut down for inspection. The cable should not rub against the well wall to prevent the well water from penetrating into the motor along the cable core after the cable is worn out. After one year of use, check the rust of the pump and remove rust and paint. If the submersible pump is not used for a long time, it should be kept in a dry and ventilated house after careful inspection.
Post time: 2021-11-30
